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Algorithm of Inventive Problem Solving |
Methods |
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Algorithm of Inventive Problem Solving
ARIZ (russ. acronym of Алгоритм решения изобретательских
задач) - Algorithm of Inventive Problems Solving (ARIZ) is list of
(about 85) step-by-step procedures that incrementally evolves a complex
problem to a point where it is simple to solve.
Complex problems cannot be solved in just two steps. For those
problems which are so complex, that they cannot be solved with any
other tools,
TRIZ
includes the algorithm to follow which will facilitate the
problem-solving process. ARIZ is not an equation, but rather a
multi-step process asking you a series of questions that integrates
different pieces of TRIZ.
ARIZ is a very "solution neutral" process: i.e., it takes
preconceived solutions out of the problem statement. It starts you at a
position that assumes the nature of your problem is
unknown. ARIZ reacquaints you with your problem by allowing you to see your problem with a
fresh pair of eyes.
ARIZ features:
- is a process of problem reformulations
- is logical and disciplined
- continually reinterprets the problem
- is the main TRIZ method for solving conflicts
ARIZ utilizes:
- Ideality for an understanding of the
Ideal Final Result (IFR) (or Ideal Solution) to the problem
- Contradictions, by working first with the technical contradiction, then the physical contradiction
- Resources of the system
- Scientific effects
- S-field modeling and Standard Solutions
the 40 Principles
It is important to note that ARIZ is more than
50% problem reformulation! It is only through this guided reformulation that complex problems can be solved.
Framework for ARIZ
There are the nine
classic steps (and the number of sub-steps
vary from version to version of ARIZ). The three macro level processes
with their respective nine "Classic" parts are:
I. Restructuring of the Original Problem
- Analyze the System
- Analyze the Resources
- Define the Ideal Final Result and Formulate the Physical Contradiction
II. Removing the Physical Contradiction
- Separate the Physical Contradiction
- Apply the Knowledge Base: Effects, Standards, and Principles
- Change the "Mini-Problem"
III. Analyzing the Solution
- Review the Solution and Analyze the Removal of the Physical Contradiction
- Develop Maximum Usage of the Solution
- Review All the Stages in ARIZ in "Real Time" Application
ARIZ is used to solve
very complicated invention problems, where other tools of TRIZ (Su-field analysis, 40 inventive principles, etc.) are not aplicable.
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Advantages, Limitations and Unique Qualities |
Methods |
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Advantages, Limitations and Unique Qualities
This is a relatively straightforward idea evaluation technique, although it can be used in idea generation.
1. Select one of the ideas / possible solutions.
2. Brainstorm as many advantages of this as you can.
3. Once you have got to a limit oon advantages, try and Brainstorm all the dissadvantages.
4. Swap mindset again, to try and find all the unique, new or unusual qualities about this idea / solution.
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AIDA |
Methods |
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AIDA
AIDA (Analysis of Interactive Decision Areas - Luckman, Operational Research Quarterly, 1967; Friend and Hickling, Planning Under Pressure: The Strategic Choice Approach by John Friend and Allen Hickling, 1987) is used when you have several
inter-connected problems where the solution choices for one will affect
the solution choices for another. You therefore need to evaluate the
solutions as a group, but the number of theoretically possible group
combinations may be large. AIDA identifies combinations that cannot
coexist and can therefore be eliminated, hence substantially reducing
the number of combinations you need to compare.
Assuming that you have already got a list of problems, and have identified possible solutions for each. Then:
- Identify any problems that do not interact: Draw a matrix with
the problem names on each axis (e.g. 5 problems need a 5x5 matrix);
delete the diagonal and the bottom triangle, to leave one cell for each
different problem pair. Mark each cell 'X' if any of the solutions in
the pair of problems the cell represents cannot co-exist. Remove from
AIDA any problems with a blank row in this matrix; these have no
interactions, and you can work with them independently.
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- Identify incompatible pairs of solutions: Write each remaining
problem with its solutions, on a large Post-it slip (e.g. 4 problems
give four slips). Stick them on a large working area (e.g. a
white-board). Go through each solution on each slip, checking it
against every solution on all the other slips to identify any pairs of
solutions that cannot coexist. Draw a 'bar-line' linking the two
members of each such incompatible pair of solutions. Then all solutions
in different problems that are not barred are free to be combined.
- Create a solution tree: Create a tree-diagram that displays
all compatible combinations of solution options. Remove any
incompatible branches. The remaining solutions can now be compared
against agreed criteria like any other set of solutions.
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